Essay on The New Slave Sex Trafficking in America

The New Slaves: Sex Trafficking in America When most Americans hear the term ‘sex trafficking’ thoughts of helpless women and children in poor, developing, countries come to mind. However, most Americans would be downright shocked and dismayed to learn that many victims of sex trafficking reside right here in the United States. Moreover, many of the victims of sex trafficking in America were victimized by other Americans. This is a pressing national issue to which neither small, rural towns or large, urban cities is immune. What is Sex Trafficking? According to the US State Department’s 2013 Trafficking in Persons report, Sex trafficking is defined as: The act of recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, or obtaining a person for†¦show more content†¦Children that become victims of sex trafficking are often kidnapped at a young age and spend years being raped at the hands of their kidnapper or sold to the highest bidder. In some cases, the parents of the victims unknowingly sell their children or give their child up for adoption for financial gain or in the hopes that the child will receive a good education and better living conditions. Yet this is far from the reality that the child victims of sex trafficking experience. While many see sex trafficking and a female problem, men are becoming victims of sex trafficking at alarming rate. According to an article in the Houston Chronicle: Some 45 percent of the 286 certified adult victims in fiscal year 2008 were male, a significant increase from the 6 percent certified in 2006...Seventy-six percent of all human-trafficking victims certified in 2008 were victims of labor trafficking, he said, while sex trafficking accounted for 17 percent. Five percent of victims were subject to both forms of trafficking. Maritza Conde-Vazquez, a special agent with the Houston FBI who specializes in human-trafficking cases, said there has been an increase locally in the number of male human-trafficking victims, primarily from Central and South America. The majority of the cases, she said, involve forced labor at construction sites or in agriculture. She said she could not discuss details of the cases, which are still under investigation. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Issue of Human Trafficking1512 Words   |  7 Pagesforced labor and exploitation; referring to using others for sexual exploitation, organ trafficking, and forced labor. This international crime is happening all around us and little to nothing is being done by governments. â€Å"Roughly two hundred thousand slaves are working here in America† (Madox). So the land of the free, well, it might not be so free after all. Coming in second after drug trafficking, â€Å"human trafficking generates about 35 billion dollars annually† (â€Å"The Covering House†). 35 billion isRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Its Effects On Society1273 Words   |  6 Pagesassociated with it are almost identical. Human trafficking, or â€Å"the modern slavery,† is defined as the â€Å"organized criminal activity in which human beings are treated as possessions to be controlled and exploited (as by being forced into prostitution or involuntary labor)† by Merriam Webster Dictionary (np). At any given time this affects 2.4 million people, 80% of whom are sexually exploited. This paper will highlight the tragic past of human trafficking for sexual exploitation and its current effectRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The Issue Around The Globe1532 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing used in human trafficking. Human trafficking is a topic that too many in society ignore, and it is arguably that ignorance that serves as a bigger conundrum than the topic itself. Human trafficking, also known as slavery, is when humans are sold to the highest bidder at an auction or used in businesses as slaves, and all too often these slaves are used for sexual purposes. Roughly 79% of slaves are sexually exploited according to The United Nations Protocol against Trafficking in Persons. DictionaryRead MoreThe Depravity Of Humanity : Global Human Trafficking1257 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Global human trafficking is big business† (Gale, Cengage Learning). Thi s quote in of itself warrants a deep seated fear and revulsion. But it is also true. Human trafficking is not exactly a new thing; it is as old as humanity itself. That is why Prostitution is considered the world’s oldest profession because it has been around since the birth of humanity. Also, the following sentence quote shows the age of human trafficking. â€Å"What may surprise those who think of trafficking as a recent phenomenonRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is in America1354 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Trafficking is in America, it’s in backyard and most don’t even know it. Many Americans believe that this horrible action only takes place in countries such as China, Japan, India, and Ghana but no; it happens in the United States also. The definition of human trafficking is the â€Å"illegal practice of procuring or trading in human beings for the purpose of prostitution, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation† (dictionary.com). Slavery was a bolished in 1865 in the 13th amendment in the constitutionRead MoreThe Global Impact Of Human Trafficking1640 Words   |  7 PagesThe Global impact of Human Trafficking Human trafficking is a global issue that receives very little attention throughout the modern world; this issue effects every country on the global and all different types of cultures. Hillary Clinton said in 2009 â€Å"Trafficking thrives in the shadows, and it can be easy to dismiss it as something that happens to someone else, in somewhere else, but that is not the case. Trafficking is a crime that involves every nation on earth, and that includes our own.† (BehnkeRead MoreArgument Essay On Sex Trafficking1086 Words   |  5 Pagesand have a pop up come up about buying someone. Sex trafficking has become apart of everyday life. Many people are taken everyday and forced into the ring of sex trafficking. One girl spent her whole childhood getting raped by her father and then forced to go out to bars every night and sleep with other men, then go to school the next day (Sher). Sex trafficking is a problem in the United States that can not be ignored no longer. Sex Trafficking is the act of forcing someone into performing anyRead MoreLibrary Information / Literacy Project : Human Trafficking And Slavery1117 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation/Literacy project: Human Trafficking and Slavery Introduction: Human trafficking is a global epidemic that affect millions of victims that has being trafficked for prostitution and some forms of child labor across international borders. This human illicit trade and inhuman crime produces around $32 billion in profits each year. A five-year-old chained to a rug loom in India, a domestic servant enslaved and beaten in the Middle East and sex slave trafficked within the United StatesRead MoreThe Slave Next Door: Human Trafficking in out Backyard1456 Words   |  6 Pageshear about the crime of human trafficking they automatically refer it to sex exploitation by big time gang organizations. Sexual exploitation is a big chunk of the trafficking problem in America but in reading the book The Slave Next Door you can see that there are different types of work for human trafficking. One of the unique and underrated types of trafficking is in the type of domestic slavery. This type of trafficking is not as popular for gangs and other trafficking organ izations because it isRead MoreSex Trafficking And The Rights Of The Poor And Needy1300 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Open your mouth, judge righteously, defend the rights of the poor and needy.† I want to talk about sex trafficking to present the topics in America today that are categorized to be socially unacceptable to speak of. Americans only want to hear good things and only talk about fun topics. They want to live in a perfect world, where everyone loves them and there is peace. Peace is so heavily publicized, we have even set aside a national holiday for it. What American’s are trying to publicize is a desired

The changing role of Trade unions in the UK Focus on Unite the Union Free Essays

Introduction Unite the Union, often referred to as Unite, is a British and Irish trade union with approximately 1.5 million members in diverse workplaces. Established in 2007 as a result of a merger between Amicus and Transport General Workers Union (TG), it was formed with the prospect of solving predicaments faced by employees in the European labour market (Unite the Union 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on The changing role of Trade unions in the UK: Focus on Unite the Union or any similar topic only for you Order Now The primary motivation for the two unions to emerge together was to create one of the largest and strongest trade unions in Europe. Their goal was to strengthen their bargaining power with employers in order to achieve common objectives such as better working conditions, job security, adequate wages, unfair dismissal, provision for better training facilities, higher maternity and paternity leaves, better compensation in case of injury and reduce unequal employer opportunities. (Wood 2002) Organizational Structure Unite’s structure is one in which members are encouraged to become involved and have their say. It is structured as an open and democratic organization where members have complete freedom to express their concerns associated with their workplace. Unite the Union aims at having a larger member force through which they can increase their bargaining power and thus establish a fairer society. This would prove as an advantage for the long run for Unite as recent studies claim that future trends show diminishing membership rates among unions because of bureaucratic barriers and policies (Gospel and Wood, 2003). Members of Unite are given the option to bring forward workplace concerns and issues through the policy-making mechanisms present in each industrial sector. Unite also provides the opportunity for its members to raise concerns through conferences that are held for each industry sector every year. This is to ensure that the organization receives important input from its members and campaign for the rights or concerns that are relevant for its members. The decisions made in the industrial conferences are moved forward for debate in the organizations national conference that is held every two years. Through this method, Unite ensures that its members get a chance to actively participate and involved to help shape the union’s actions. (Wood 2002) Mission of Unite the Union Unite aims to build a society that provides mutual benefits for both the employees and the employers, and by doing so hopes to enhance the success of the economy. Unite the Union continuously works towards attracting more employees by its open-door policy and engaging them effectively into the decision making process. This ensures that the union becomes stronger through its sound membership and convincing powers to amplify their voice. (Metcalf 2001) Objectives of Unite the Union The organization wishes to expand its services to individuals beyond the UK and Ireland and broaden their mission globally (Metcalf 2003a). Currently, Unite operates in many various countries in Europe and has succeeded in establishing the highest number of European Works Councils as compared to other unions. The greatest milestone achieved by Unite is the foundation of Worker’s Uniting in collaboration with United Steal Workers (USW) (Pencavel 2003).Worker’s uniting is a new international trade union, comprising of more than three million workers from different parts of the world, who work in various sectors of the economy. In alliance with Unite, USW fight towards human right issues for labourers around the globe, and campaign against unethical work standards and concerns in developing countries such as Bangladesh (i.e. child workers) and China (i.e. sweatshops) (Gospel 2003).Moreover, Unite the Union aims to create a single and powerful, global trade union that will create a solitary platform for labourers belonging to different economies (i.e. Workers Uniting – an alliance union working under Unite). In order to achieve such an objective, Unite is extending a hand to other various trade unions in various other countries, helping them with resources and policy-making in order to one day unite all trade unions together. (Metcalf 2003b, 2003c) Therefore, Unite the Union does not restrict its operations towards the protection of its own members, but extends its services towards the protection of rights and interests of workers around the globe. There are certain objectives set by Unite the Union that will eventually overcome certain trade union related obstacles surfacing and strengthen the power of the organization in terms of memberships. Ebbinghaus and Visser (2000) indicate in their study that a trend towards de-unionisation is set to occur due to the privatisation of industries, which will pose difficulties in recruiting members. However, through the organisations open-door policy, it is effectively retaining its members and providing them added benefits for joining the union (i.e. lower insurances, healthy benefits, etc) (Metcalf 2001). Another prominent future trend in trade unions is initiation of recruiting female members in trade unions. Unite hopes to conceptualize on this by campaigning against equal rights for women (Charlwood 2002). Also, another growing concern for the trade union movement is the absence of young members. Young individuals are reluctant to join unions for two main reasons, most are unemployed in the contemporary marketplace and because the see trade unions as something primitive, offering no benefits for their needs. Unite hopes to mobilize on young members by investing heavily in promoting education and training for its members. Through its alliance groups, such as First Worker’s Association (FWA) that provide education and training for its members by operating a number of training colleges and centres, Unite hopes to retain the attention of young members and attain their interest in memberships. (Arulampalam 2000) To conclude, Unite the Union claims that the creation of FWA and Workers Uniting is only a stepping stone for their future endeavours to overcome trade union barriers. They have more powerful and stronger international union formation plans in the pipeline, which once formed will achieve more goals globally with a wider worldwide impact. (Diamond 2003) REFERENCES Arulampalam, W. and Booth, A.L. (2000) ‘Union Status of Young Men in Britain: A Decade of Change’, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 15 (3): 289-310. Charlwood, A. (2002) ‘Why do Non-union Employees Want to Unionize?’ British Journal of Industrial Relations, 40 (3): 463–492. Diamond, W. and Freeman, R. (2003) ‘Young Workers and Trade Unions’, in H. Gospel and S.J. Wood (eds) Representing Workers: Trade Union Recognition and Membership in Britain, London: Routledge, forthcoming Gospel, H. and Wood, S., (2003) Representing Workers: Trade Union Representation and Membership in Britain, London: Routledge. Metcalf, D. (2003a) ‘Trade Unions’, in P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth (eds) State of Working Britain, London: Macmillan. Metcalf, D. (2003b) ‘Unions and Productivity, Financial Performance and Investment: International Evidence’, in J. Addison and C. Schnabel (eds) International Handbook of Trade Unions, Edward Elgar. Metcalf, D., Hansen, K. and Charlwood, A. (2001c) ‘Unions and the Sword of Justice: Unions and Pay Systems, Pay Inequality, Pay Discrimination and Low Pay’, National Institute Economic Review, April 176: 61-75. Pencavel, J. (2003) ‘The Surprising Retreat of Union Britain’, forthcoming in R. Blundell, D. Card and R. Freeman (eds) Seeking a Premier League Economy, National Bureau of Economic Research. Machin, S. (2000) ‘Union Decline in Britain’, British Journal of Industrial Relations 38 (4): 631–645. Metcalf, D. (2001) ‘British Unions: Dissolution or Resurgence Re-visited’ in R. Dickens, J. Wadsworth and P. Gregg (eds) The State of Working Britain, London: London School of Economics and Political Science. Wood, S., Moore, S. and Willman, P. (2002) ‘Third Time Lucky for Statutory Union Recognition in the UK?’, Industrial Relations Journal 33 (3): 215-234. Colombini, D. (2012), Vion and Unite the Union Resolve Pay Row [Online] Available at: http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/Business-News/Vion-and-Unite-the-union-resolve-pay-row [Accessed 21April 2012]. Fuel Tank Drivers Rejects Proposals to Avert Strike. South Wales Evening Post Available at: http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/Fuel-tank-drivers-reject-proposals-avert-strike/story-15858175-detail/story.html [Accessed 21 April 2012]. Olivia, F. (2012), GSLP/LIBS and Unions to Celebrate May Day Together. Gibraltar Chronicle, [Online] Available at: http://www.chronicle.gi/headlines_details.php?id=24596 [Accessed 21April 2012]. Unite the Union Calls for Increase in Health Safety Inspectors. Vox Editor Available at: http://vox.gi/local/4796-unite-the-union-calls-for-increase-of-health-safety-inspectors.html [Accessed 21 April 2012]. Unite Union Urges ‘no’ vote in Fiscal Compact Referendum. Irish Examiner Available at: http://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/unite-union-urges-no-vote-in-fiscal-compact-referendum-548061.html [Accessed 21April 2012]. How to cite The changing role of Trade unions in the UK: Focus on Unite the Union, Essay examples

Involuntary Manslaughter Everything You Want To Know

Question: What isInvoluntary manslaughter? Explain. Answer: Involuntary manslaughter means any kind or form of killing in which mens rea for murder is not present. This means that death is caused by an act of gross criminal negligence Manslaughter leading to an unlawful act is also known as constructive manslaughterThis essay describes the essential elements of involuntary manslaughter along with the types of involuntary manslaughter and a case study to illustrate them. Additionally, this essay also describes the applicability of gross negligence manslaughter to the case study that is provided and the potential criminal liability of each of the party involved in the case of Kitty. In order to constitute a crime of involuntary manslaughter the following two elements should be present: An unlawful act that is committed by the defendant that leads to death of some other person. The unlawful act should involve a danger that someone else would be harmed. A majority of the cases that is involved in the area involuntary manslaughter is related to assisting people who take drugs. However, there have been many cases in which the Courts have not held the dealer liable for deaths that have been caused by drugs. In the case of R. v Dalby, the Court did not hold the dealer liable as they held that dealer does not owe duty of care towards the customers who buy drugs from them. One important factor that is to be considered here is the link or causation that is between the act and the death of the person. In the case of R v. Kennedy, the injured party asked the defendant to give him something so that he is able to sleep. The defendant injected him with heroin and due to overdose of heroin, the victim died. The defendant in this case was held liable for manslaughter. In the case of R v. Rogers, the defendant held a tourniquet around the victims arm so that the victim could inject themselves of drugs. The Court held the defendant liable for mansl aughter, as he was involved in the injection process. Additionally, it is also important to determine the risk involved in involuntary manslaughter. This means that if a reasonable person who is watching the act will be able to identify the risk that is involved. The harm that is related to the unlawful act of the defendant should be linked with each other. The harm caused should be physical in nature. There are three types of involuntary manslaughter: Gross negligence manslaughter Reckless manslaughter Unlawful act manslaughter Gross negligence manslaughter: In this kind of involuntary manslaughter, the defendant is apparently acting legally. This type of manslaughter arises in cases where the defendant has caused death; however, he did not intend to cause the death of the victim. Hence, we may conclude that in this type of manslaughter, there is absence of mens rea. To prove gross negligence, it is important that an unlawful act was committed. Gross negligence is applicable in cases where the defendant has acted lawfully however; his action in some way or the other became criminal in nature. The following elements should be present in order to make a person liable for gross negligence manslaughter: Existence of a duty of care Violation of duty of care Breach of duty of care leads to death of the person Jury decides the criminality of the negligence In the case of R.v. Adomoko, appellant was an anaesthetist who was unsuccessful in identifying that the tube was disconnected from the ventilator of the patient. Resultantly, the patient underwent a cardiac arrest and died. The appellant was convicted for manslaughter and the Court stated that in cases of gross negligence manslaughter, ordinary principles of negligence shall be applied to notice if there has been breach of duty of care or not. In gross negligence manslaughter the duty of act includes, statutory, contractual and common law duty. In the case of, R v. Bateman, the doctor was held liable for manslaughter, as he was negligent with his treatment of women in childbirth. The doctor owed duty of care towards his patient, which he failed to exercise. Likewise, in the case of R v. Misra and Srivastava, the Court held that to constitute an offence of gross negligence, where the risk of life is associated, and the defendant owes duty of care and contravention of the duty of care has taken place. Reckless Manslaughter: In this type of manslaughter, the defendant is generally conscious of the degree of risk that is likely to cause injury to the injured party and still chooses to disregard it or remains unresponsive to it. In the case R v. Lidar, the defendant was driving the car while he was in a conversation with the victim. The rear wheel of the car crushed the head of the defendant. The defendant was held liable for reckless manslaughter. The reason behind this is that the defendant was aware of the seriousness of the harm that was related to his action. Unlawful Act: This type of manslaughter means that the unlawful act of the defendant has causes death of the plaintiff. The unlawful act of the defendant should be dangerous and there should be a causal link between the action of the defendant and the death of the plaintiff. Such an act is termed as unlawful act. In the case of DPP v. Newbury and Jones, the House of Lords held that the plaintiff should prove that the defendant had the objective to act unlawfully however; there is no prerequisite for the defendant to foresee that the act has the likelihood of causing death. In the given case, Gary was dealer in heroin, who supplied Jenny and Kitty with heroin. Kitty was only sixteen years old. Garry equipped the syringe of heroin for Jenny and Kitty. Jenny injected herself with the heroin and also injected Kitty. Jenny and Kitty went to their mothers house, Sandra. Subsequently, Kitty started showing symptoms of heroin overdose and she needed immediate assistance. Jenny and Sandra ignored her symptoms, as they were worried that the police would be involved in this case. Resultantly, Kitty dies due to drug overdose. Based on the facts, the issue that arises here is that, what is the possible criminal liability of Jenny, Sandra and Gary. Gary, Jenny and Sandra may be held liable for gross negligence manslaughter for Kittys death. The liability of each one of them is discussed as follows: Potential Criminal Liability of Gary: Gary was the heroin dealer and he was the one who provided Jenny and Kitty with heroin. He was aware of the fact that Kitty is a minor and that she should not be provided with the drug. However, Gary ignored the factor of considering her age and despite of that he prepared syringes for them, which the children injected into themselves in his presence. In the case of R v. Khan and Khan, the issue in question was about two appellants who supplied heroin to a child who was 15 years old in their house. The appellants left her in the flat and due to overdose of heroin; she went into coma and died. The plaintiff filed a suit against the appellants for gross negligence. The appeal was allowed because the trial Judge failed to direct the Jury on questions relating to law and that the facts of the case were sufficient to give rise to duty of care on the part of the dealer. It was further held that, where a matter comes before Jury for gross negligence the Jury should consider the following po ints: Whether the defendant had a duty of care towards the plaintiff Whether the defendant contravened the duty of care Did the breach lead to loss of life of the plaintiff? Did the breach lead to a criminal act thus amounting to gross negligence? For determining the liability of Gary, we first need to evaluate whether he owed duty of care towards Kitty or not. Ideally, dealers are not held liable for the death of people who die due to drugs overdose. However, since the decision of R v. Khan and Khan, where the mistake of Jury was identified, dealers are also held responsible for owing duty of care towards their customers. In this case, Kitty was a minor that is below the age of 18 years. Gary should have exercised his duty of care and should have refused providing heroin to a minor. However, he did not do so. Consequently, we may conclude that Gary breached his duty of care towards Kitty that ultimately led to her death. Thus, there was a causal link between the breach of duty of care and the result due to the breach of duty. Additionally, the breach of duty of care on the part of Gary made him commit a criminal act amounting to gross negligence. Thus, we may conclude on the part of Gary that he may be liable for gross neglig ence. Potential Criminal Liability of Jenny: Jenny was Kittys sister and she was elder to Kitty. Kitty was only 16 years old while Jenny was 19 years old. Jenny injected Kitty with the syringe while Kitty was shaking and was unable to take to inject herself. This is the first breach of duty of care on the part of Jenny. After they took the injection, they went to their mothers house where Kitty was showing signs of heroin overdose. However, Jenny ignored the symptoms of heroin overdose in fear of police getting involved in this case. This was the second breach of duty on the part of Jenny. In the case of, Rv. Evans, the appellant was convicted of gross negligence manslaughter along with her mother for the death of a 17 years old girl named Carly. Carly died of drug overdose. The appellant was about eight years elder to Carly. The appellant bought heroin from a drug dealer and gave the drug to Carly. Carly injected the drug, however, soon after sometime she was showing signs of drug overdose, which the appellant from her own ex perience was able to understand. Both the appellant and her mother thought of not seeking medical help in fear of getting into trouble. Resultantly, Carly died. The Judge held that the duty of care on the part of the appellant arose not from her action of assisting Carly but from providing her with heroin. The appellant created a situation so dangerous in nature and additionally failed to take action to decrease the risk of calling assistance, which could have ideally saved her. The Judge made the appellant liable for not having a familial relationship with her but for breaching her basic duty of care. Had there been any other person in place of her sister, she would still be made liable for breach of duty of care, as the basic level of care is expected out of every individual. Similarly, in the given case study as well, Jenny can be held liable for gross negligence manslaughter as she failed to exercise her duty of care towards Kitty by supplying her with heroin and secondly by not providing her appropriate medical assistance at the time when she urgently needed it. Hence, Jenny committed two breaches of duty of care, which can make her liable for gross negligence manslaughter. Hence, to make a person liable for gross negligence it is not only confined to cases to familial relationship between the plaintiff and the deceased. Nevertheless, creation of a state of issues in which the defendant should have utilised his basic duty of care however, he failed to use the duty leading to creation of circumstances that is life threatening also leads to breach of duty of care. Additionally, breach of duty of care is also committed where it is expected out of a reasonable man to take steps for prevention of a situation that may lead to death of the person. If the person fails to use this duty, he may be held liable for breach of duty. Thus, Jenny is liable for gross negligence manslaughter. Potential Criminal Liability of Sandra: Sandra was Kittys mother and after injecting themselves with syringe, they went to her house. It was at Sandras house that Kitty started showing signs of heroin overdose. Both Jenny and Sandra ignored her medical condition in fear of police case because of which Kitty died. In this case, though Sandra was not involved in providing Kitty with heroin, however, she may still be liable for gross negligence manslaughter as she ignored her child when she was in need of medical assistance. In the case of R v. Gibbins and Proctor, parents were liable due to their wretched behaviour towards their child for starving them to death. Both the husband and the wife failed to understand the consequences of starvation because of which the child died. The husband was the biological and the legal father of the child and the mother was the common law wife to feed the child. While it was the responsibility of the father to take care of his child, the mans common law wife was also held liable as she recei ved money for food from her husband. The relationship that exists between the mother and the child can give rise to a very special relationship. In a relationship that exists between mother and the child, one does not necessarily need to direct the mother about her duties towards her child. In this case, Sandra failed to exercise her duty of care towards her child. Jennys apprehension can be understood, as she was afraid of getting the police involved in this matter, however, Sandras apprehension was not making sense as she was not even part of providing drugs to Kitty. As a parent, she should have utilised her duty of care obediently by providing medical assistance to Kitty the moment she was showing symptoms of drug overdose. She should have saved the life of her daughter instead of acting wretched. Hence, Sandra can also be held liable for gross negligence manslaughter as she breached her duty of care towards her daughter. Conclusively, it may be stated that gross negligence manslaughter is one of the most common criminal acts in the United Kingdom in relation to consumption of drugs and drugs overdose. It has been noted that young people die an early death because of drug overdose and people who are convicted of gross negligence manslaughter are often parents, siblings or relatives of such people. The high level of intoxication restricts them from applying their basic duty of care and this consequently creates a problem for them in the form of conviction of gross negligence manslaughter. There is a need for creation of strict laws in the United Kingdom regarding consumption of drugs amongst young people and this will lessen conviction of gross negligence manslaughter. References: Adomako, R v (1994) HL Crump, David. "UNINTENTIONAL KILLINGS (NEGLIGENT HOMICIDE, INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER, DEPRAVED-HEART AND FELONY MURDER): SHOULD WE HAVE DIFFERENT VIEWS OF FELONY MURDER, DEPENDING ON THE GOVERNING STATUTE?."Tex. Tech L. Rev.47 (2014): 113-939. Field, Sarah, and Lucy Jones. "Is the Net of Corporate Criminal Liability under the Corporate Homicide and Corporate Manslaughter Act 2007 Expanding?."Business Law Review36.6 (2015): 216-219. Finch, Emily, and Stefan Fafinski.Law Express: Criminal Law (Revision Guide). Pearson Higher Ed, 2014. Finch, Emily, and Stefan Fafinski.Law Express: Criminal Law. Pearson Higher Ed, 2016. O'Malley, Shaun. "Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Implications for healthcare providers."Journal of Management Marketing in Healthcare(2013). Prendergast, David. "Gross negligence manslaughter in Irish law."Dublin ULJ37 (2014): 267. R v Bateman19 Cr App R 8 R v Dalby(1982) 74 Cr App R 348 R v Evans[2009] 2 Cr App R 10 R v Khan and Khan [1998] EWCA Crim 971 R v Lidar [1999] R v(1883).Gibbinsand Proctor Sanders, Andrew, and Danielle Griffiths. "Following the Law or Using the Law? Decision-Making in Medical Manslaughter."Exploring the'Legal'in Socio-Legal Studies(2015): 225. Soothill, Keith, and Brian Francis. "Homicide in England and Wales."Handbook of European Homicide Research. Springer New York, 2012. 287-300. Vaughan, Jenny. "Gross negligence manslaughter and the healthcare professional."The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England98.2 (2016): 60-62. Woodley, Mick. "Bargaining over Corporate Manslaughter-What Price a Life."J. Crim. L.77 (2013): 33. Crump, David. "UNINTENTIONAL KILLINGS (NEGLIGENT HOMICIDE, INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER, DEPRAVED-HEART AND FELONY MURDER): SHOULD WE HAVE DIFFERENT VIEWS OF FELONY MURDER, DEPENDING ON THE GOVERNING STATUTE?."Tex. Tech L. Rev.47 (2014): 113-939. O'Malley, Shaun. "Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Implications for healthcare providers."Journal of Management Marketing in Healthcare(2013).